# Makepp FAQ

Frequently asked questions about makepp

- Getting Started
  - Where to download?
  - Can I try it without installing?
  - How to choose perl version?
  - How to install?
  - Why does installation say permission denied?
- Build Questions
  - What are unimportant targets?
  - Why does it run this rule 3 times?
  - Why does it complain that a created file is phony?
  - Why does it recreate files unnecessarily?
  - Does the C source file or the object file depend on headers?
- Miscellaneous
  - Why does makepp selectively detect dependencies?
  - How can I debug makepp?
  - Is it safe to use?
  - Is there a web front-end?
- External tools
  - Can I use cc -M or gcc -MM?
  - Can I use CCache, Compilercache or cachecc1?

Here you may find installation instructions and some points which are not obvious from the rest of the documentation. This shows stumbling blocks, whereas howto type questions will be found in the cookbook.

## Getting Started

### Where to download?

Makepp is hosted on SourceForge and can be downloaded as a source code tarball or as installation package for Debian .deb based Linuxes or .rpm based Linuxes from http://sourceforge.net/projects/makepp/files/

Like tons of Perl software, makepp can also be downloaded from CPAN by clicking the Download link on http://search.cpan.org/dist/makepp/

Makepp is part of Debian GNU/Linux unstable and testing. This means you can install it directly via `apt-get install makepp` or by choosing it from your preferred package tool like synaptic.

Makepp is part of archlinux and of Gentoo Linux. Note that distro-specific suffixes like 2.0-1 or 2.0-r1 is not the release candidate 1, but the final released version 2.0.

### Can I try it without installing?

Yes, if you want to try makepp on your own makefiles, either put the directory where you unpacked it into your path, or else run it explicitly like this, with an absolute or relative path to makepp:

    perl /where/you/unpacked/it/makepp

### How to choose perl version?

You must have Perl 5.8 or newer somewhere on your system. By default all uninstalled scripts will use the `perl` in your path. But you can run them with an explicit instance of perl. The test runner and installation will run everything with this same instance.

    /path/to/perl /where/you/unpacked/it/makepp

In case some script doesn't properly recognize which `perl` it is being run with, you can help it by telling it the path to the same instance of perl via the `PERL` variable:

    PERL=/path/to/perl /path/to/perl /where/you/unpacked/it/makepp

This can also be an instance to be searched in your path, if it doesn't contain a directory separator:

    PERL=perl5.16.2 perl5.16.2 /where/you/unpacked/it/makepp

### How to install?

There are two ways to install, which lead to the same result:

configure (alias config.pl)

  This allows for traditional style installation:

      ./configure && make test && make install

  The only difference between these two is that `configure` is not a Perl script, so you can't say `perl configure`, whereas you can use all the above variants like `perl config.pl`. Valid options are:

  -b, --bindir=/path/to/installation/bin

    Where the binaries go (default: prefix/bin). Makepp's binaries are just Perl scripts so they are architecture independent. If you give this option, but no `--prefix`, it will strip /bin to deduce a prefix for the other default values.

  -d, --datadir=/path/to/installation/share/makepp

    Where to install makepp's library files (default: prefix/share/makepp).

  -f, --findbin=relative/path/to/datadir/from/bindir

    Where to find libraries relative to executables, or 'none' (the default) to find them in datadir.

  -h, --htmldir=/path/to/installation/share/html

    Where the HTML documentation goes (default: prefix/doc/makepp if prefix/doc exists, else datadir/html), or 'none' if you do not want it installed.

  -m, --mandir=/path/to/man

    Where the manual pages should reside (default: prefix/share/man if it exists, else prefix/man), or 'none' if you do not want them installed.

  --makefile=/path/to/Makefile

    Specify location where you can write the Makefile (default: .). Unlike the other options, which are remembered for the following install step, this file is created immediately.

  -p, --prefix=/path/to/installation

    Specify location where you want to install everything (default: /usr/local). All other paths are by default relative to this one.

  -V
  --version

    Print out the version number.

  If you want to do a mockup installation to some destdir for packaging your own distribution, you can give an extra parameter to the last command:

      make DESTDIR=/temporary/destdir install

install.pl

  This is the backend that performs the actual installation. You can call it directly:

      ./install.pl bindir datadir mandir htmldir findbin destdir

  The parameters are optional and correspond to the options from the previous section. You are prompted for those you don't supply, except for the last one, which is not normally needed.

Makefile.PL

  The customary file Makefile.PL is currently only present for technical reasons. It will not help you to install. Therefore, alas, you can't use tools like `cpanm` to install in one go.

On some systems whichever `perl` you end up calling may be a symbolic link to some precise version `perl5.m.n`. In this case perl sees only that one, and will thus use it to install against. If you don't want that, use the `PERL` variable as described above. If you install with the second variant, i.e. just the name of the executable without slashes, the installed scripts will always search for that one via `/usr/bin/env`. This makes them a tiny bit slower to start, for a greater flexibility.

### Why does installation say permission denied?

If you want to install to a system directory like /usr, /usr/local or /opt, you can only do that if you run the installation as user root. On many Unices you can run a command as root, by prepending `sudo` to it, and depending on the system entering the either the root password, or yours, as prompted for.

This is not necessary for the preparatory `configure` or `config.pl` step which only writes a Makefile in the current directory.

## Build Questions

### What are unimportant targets?

Makepp remembers the dependencies of every file. If any of them need to be rebuilt, that will be done before rescanning. But if the build failed, yet the scan succeeds, because the file isn't even needed anymore, then at the end the failure will be reported as unimportant. (The build should not be attempted, instead letting the rescan do those builds it finds to be necessary, but that happens in a different place, so this would be difficult.)

### Why does it run this rule 3 times?

GNU make has no makepp style multi target rules. Instead it interprets this as a shortcut for three separate rules:

    a b c:
        echo $@
        touch a b c

However, it doesn't check why a file is there. If a file exists (and is newer than any dependencies) it is happy. Whichever of the three files gets built first, provides the other two, so this behaves somewhat like a multitarget rule — but can cause race conditions in parallel builds.

A similar rule might have been:

    a b c:
        touch $@

Gmake indeed runs this one once per required file. Without knowing what the command does (it might be a script which internally creates some files), the two cases can't easily be told apart by makepp.

So as a special compatibility fallback, if a multi target rule action mentions only old style `$@` and neither new style `$(output)` nor `$(target)` nor their plural forms, it is treated as separate rules. This however means running it repeatedly, as makepp ignores randomly appearing files for which it has no metadata.

### Why does it complain that a created file is phony?

If you have a command that continues working asynchronously, after it came back with a success return code, makepp will notice the promised file as missing and complain. This can also typically happen on some network file systems, which may physically write only several seconds later.

If you cannot evite such an unsatisfactory situation, you can ask makepp to be sloppy about this check with the `--gullible` option. But then the next command which depends on the produced file might still fail.

### Why does it recreate files unnecessarily?

I have observed this on NFS, where due to file attribute caching the timestamp of the produced file was not yet the one the it finally had. On the next run makepp noticed the difference and considered the file unduly modified. This got resolved with a mount option of `acregmin=0`, making attributes visible immediately.

This can also happen with repositories, e.g. if someone else has built in the repository with `umask 066` or using a compiler that bars others from reading the produced file. This will also happen if either the repository or your build tree shares a common path prefix with some dependencies (e.g. /opt/repository and /opt/sometool, in which case makepp will remember the path once as relative, and once as absolute, looking like changed dependencies.

### Does the C source file or the object file depend on headers?

It depends on your viewpoint. If a prototype in a header changes, the programmer may have to adapt the source code. So from that viewpoint there is a dependency.

But for the build this is completely irrelevant. Here the outputs depend on the inputs. If a header file changes this may affect the object file (e.g. addition of parameters with default values, which the programmer may ignore, but not the compiler). So from makepp's viewpoint only the produced object file depends on the headers, i.e. must be rebuilt when these change.

## Miscellaneous

### Why does makepp selectively detect dependencies?

In this rule why does makepp make output depend on input1, but not on input2?

    output:
        zcat <input1 >output
        zcat input2 >>output

There are three levels to scanning. The first is the lexer, which tries to understand the Shell part of the execution. I.e. which commands get called and what I/O redirections take place. This notices input1 and output (even if it had not been declared a target of this rule).

The next step are the command parsers. Makepp has a few for typical compilation commands. These check the command line options to understand what the command will do. In the process they pick up dependencies like libraries (`cc -llib`), include paths (`cc -Idir`) and input files. The task of a `zcat` parser would be to know that `-S` takes an argument, but all other non option words are filenames (optionally suffixed by .gz), and that `--` ends options. Alas there is no such parser, no more than for hundreds of other commands.

The third step for some languages is the scanning of input files, to detect includes as further dependencies. This does not apply to this example.

### How can I debug makepp?

You can put `$(print )` around a suspicious expression. This returns the unchanged expression, while printing it as a side effect.

You can dump the current directory's (multiply after `-C` if you want) makefile with the `--dump-makefile=file` option, to see how makepp sees it.

Makepp writes a log of everything it does and why. You can look at that with makepplog, mppl or makeppgraph, mppg. You can make it more verbose by setting the environment variable `MAKEPP_DEBUG`.

Makepp records all it knows about a file, for reuse on the next run. Though it takes some understanding of makepp's internals, dumping it with makeppinfo, mppi for one or more files, usually gives a clue what is wrong. `MAKEPP_DEBUG` additionally provides the `RULE_SOURCE`.

If you are feeling adventurous, use makepp from cvs. This includes extra modules that hook into `perl -d` to better display makepp's internals.

### Is it safe to use?

Yes, it will do exactly what your makefiles say (which many programmers find hard to understand, since rule based inference is very different from most programming paradigms).

And no, if you don't trust the makefiles you got, definitely not! A makefile is a funny kind of script, the purpose of which is to run commands that are expected to modify your file system. Makepp has no means of checking what harm they will do.

Worse, there are execute always syntaxes, which are performed even with `--dry-run` (which does not run the rules, but evaluates everything else). That might be something like this:

    bad_boy := $(shell rm *)

### Is there a web front-end?

No. But as for all command line tools, you could access it via https://code.google.com/p/shellinabox/

You might even set up a little Shell wrapper to allow only calling makepp:

    while read 'args?makepp '; do
        makepp $args
    done

## External tools

### Can I use cc -M or gcc -MM?

The short answer is yes. The long answer is that they have the advantage of knowing the effect of even the last weird compiler option, and sub-includes hidden in some compiler internal directory, where makepp only comes pretty close. The disadvantage is that they have no idea of the build rules, so they can not reliably depend on yet to-be-built files, which includes files to be fetched from a repository. And they are not extensible to other languages, as makepp's scanner is. Usually you are at least as well off, not resorting to these tools.

Nonetheless, some compilers can produce this as a by-product. If you'd rather use this see :include.

### Can I use CCache, Compilercache or cachecc1?

The short answer is yes. The long answer is that these programs need to repeat the work makepp does, to get a reliable fingerprint of files. With traditional makes this even comes too late, because those miss many situations calling for a recompilation. With makepp it is just easier to use the built in build cache, which has the added advantage that it can handle all kinds of files.

Note that ccache direct mode has a bug https://bugzilla.samba.org/show_bug.cgi?id=8728 that will ignore change in include pathes. This makes t/makeppreplay.test fail with "wrong file: out". Export `CCACHE_NODIRECT=1` to avoid that.