The Sidef Programming Language
=======

Sidef is a modern, high-level, general-purpose programming language, inspired by Ruby, Raku and Julia.

```
            **   **         ****   *           *********   *********
          * * ** * *        ****   **          ** ** **    ** ** **
           **   **          ****   ***         *********   *  *  *
  **        **        **    ****   *  *        ******      ******
* * *     * * *     * * *   ****   ** **       ** **       ** **
 **        **        **     ****   ******      ******      *  *
       **   **              ****   *  *  *     *********   ***
     * * ** * *             ****   ** ** **    ** ** **    **
      **   **               ****   *********   *********   *
```

* The main features of Sidef include:

    * object-oriented programming
    * functional programming
    * functional pattern matching
    * optional lazy evaluation
    * multiple dispatch
    * lexical scoping
    * lexical closures
    * keyword arguments
    * regular expressions
    * support for using Perl modules
    * optional dynamic type checking
    * big integers, rationals, floats and complex numbers

### WWW

* Gitbook: https://trizen.gitbook.io/sidef-lang/ ([legacy](https://trizen.gitbooks.io/sidef-lang))
* Tutorial: https://github.com/trizen/sidef/wiki
* RosettaCode: https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sidef

## EXAMPLES

### The [Y combinator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-point_combinator#Fixed-point_combinators_in_lambda_calculus):
```ruby
var y = ->(f) {->(g) {g(g)}(->(g) { f(->(*args) {g(g)(args...)})})}

var fac = ->(f) { ->(n) { n < 2 ? 1 : (n * f(n-1)) } }
say 10.of { |i| y(fac)(i) }     #=> [1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720, 5040, 40320, 362880]

var fib = ->(f) { ->(n) { n < 2 ? n : (f(n-2) + f(n-1)) } }
say 10.of { |i| y(fib)(i) }     #=> [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]
```

### Approximation of the [gamma function](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function):
```ruby
define ℯ = Num.e
define τ = Num.tau

func Γ(x, r=50) {
    x < r ? (__FUNC__(x+1, r) / x)
          : (sqrt(τ*x) * pow(x/ℯ + 1/(12*ℯ*x), x) / x)
}

for i in (1..10) {
    say ("%.14f" % Γ(i/3))
}
```

### ASCII generation of the [Sierpinski triangle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierpinski_triangle):
```ruby
func sierpinski_triangle(n) {
    var triangle = ['*']
    { |i|
        var sp = (' ' * 2**i)
        triangle = (triangle.map {|x| sp + x + sp} +
                    triangle.map {|x| x + ' ' + x})
    } * n
    triangle.join("\n")
}

say sierpinski_triangle(4)
```
Output:
```text
               *
              * *
             *   *
            * * * *
           *       *
          * *     * *
         *   *   *   *
        * * * * * * * *
       *               *
      * *             * *
     *   *           *   *
    * * * *         * * * *
   *       *       *       *
  * *     * *     * *     * *
 *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
```

### ASCII generation of the [Mandelbrot set](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set):
```ruby
func mandelbrot(z, r=20) {
    var c = z
    r.times {
        z = (z*z + c)
        return true if (z.abs > 2)
    }
    return false
}

for y in (1 `downto` -1 `by` 0.05) {
    for x in (-2 `upto` 0.5 `by` 0.0315) {
        print(mandelbrot(Complex(x, y)) ? ' ' : '#')
    }
    print "\n"
}
```
Output:
```text

                                                            #
                                                        #  ###  #
                                                        ########
                                                       #########
                                                         ######
                                             ##    ## ############  #
                                              ### ###################      #
                                              #############################
                                              ############################
                                          ################################
                                           ################################
                                         #################################### #
                          #     #        ###################################
                          ###########    ###################################
                           ###########   #####################################
                         ############## ####################################
                        ####################################################
                     ######################################################
#########################################################################
                     ######################################################
                        ####################################################
                         ############## ####################################
                           ###########   #####################################
                          ###########    ###################################
                          #     #        ###################################
                                         #################################### #
                                           ################################
                                          ################################
                                              ############################
                                              #############################
                                              ### ###################      #
                                             ##    ## ############  #
                                                         ######
                                                       #########
                                                        ########
                                                        #  ###  #
                                                            #

```

### More examples
   * For more examples, please see: [https://github.com/trizen/sidef-scripts](https://github.com/trizen/sidef-scripts)

### INTERACTIVE MODE

![sidef](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/614513/39590990-123bd3ea-4f0b-11e8-9717-abc0ec48622e.png)

### TRY IT ONLINE

* [https://tio.run/#sidef](https://tio.run/#sidef)

### AVAILABILITY

* **CPAN**: [https://metacpan.org/release/Sidef](https://metacpan.org/release/Sidef)
* **PKGS**: [https://pkgs.org/download/Sidef](https://pkgs.org/download/Sidef)
* **Arch Linux**: [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/sidef/](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/sidef/)
* **Slackware**: [https://slackbuilds.org/repository/14.2/perl/perl-Sidef/](https://slackbuilds.org/repository/14.2/perl/perl-Sidef/)

### LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT

* Copyright (C) 2013-2021 Daniel Șuteu, Ioana Fălcușan

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the *Artistic License (2.0)*. You may obtain a copy
of the full license at:

[https://www.perlfoundation.org/artistic-license-20.html](https://www.perlfoundation.org/artistic-license-20.html)

Any use, modification, and distribution of the Standard or Modified
Versions is governed by this Artistic License. By using, modifying or
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or distribute the Package, if you do not accept this license.

If your Modified Version has been derived from a Modified Version made
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This license does not grant you the right to use any trademark, service
mark, tradename, or logo of the Copyright Holder.

This license includes the non-exclusive, worldwide, free-of-charge
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