X-keys XKE-124 T-bar Data Report

General Information

VID
05f3h
XKE-124 T-bar PID #1
04FBh or 1275
XKE-124 T-bar PID #2
04FCh or 1276
XKE-124 T-bar PID #3
04FDh or 1277
XKE-124 T-bar PID #4
04FEh or 1278
Consumer Usage Page
1
Usage Page
000Ch or 12

PID #1 Endpoints: Consumer Usge Page Input and Output (Hid Usage Page 12, Hid Usage 1), Mouse (Hid Usage Page 1, Hid Usage 2), Joystick (Hid Usage Page 1, Hid Usage 4).
PID #2 Endpoints: Consumer Usge Page Output (Hid Usage Page 12, Hid Usage 1), Mouse (Hid Usage Page 1, Hid Usage 2), Keyboard (Hid Usage Page 1, Hid Usage 6) and Multimedia (Hid Usage Page 12 and 1, Hid Usage 1 and 128). The use of this PID is mainly for Hardware Mode. Hardware Mode allows users to store macros to the device itself using the MacroWorks 3.1 programming utility or the X-keys Android app. Once the macros are stored they will work on any computer or OS that supports HID.
PID #3 Endpoints: Consumer Usge Page Output (Hid Usage Page 12, Hid Usage 1), Mouse (Hid Usage Page 1, Hid Usage 2), Joystick (Hid Usage Page 1, Hid Usage 4) and Multimedia (Hid Usage Page 12 and 1, Hid Usage 1 and 128). The use of this PID is mainly for Hardware Mode. Hardware Mode allows users to store macros to the device itself using the MacroWorks 3.1 programming utility or the X-keys Android app. Once the macros are stored they will work on any computer or OS that supports HID.
PID #4 Endpoints: Consumer Usge Page Input and Output (Hid Usage Page 12, Hid Usage 1), Boot Mouse (Hid Usage Page 1, Hid Usage 2), Boot Keyboard (Hid Usage Page 1, Hid Usage 6).

The XKE-124 T-bar is an Android enabled device in PIDs #1, #2 or #3. This means the device can be enumerated, read (if input report available), and written to on Android OS that support host USB, generally 3.1 or higher. Android OS is not able to enumerate a device with a boot keyboard and thus if the XKE-124 T-bar is in PID #4 it will appear to the Android OS as only a hardware keyboard/mouse, you will not be able to get a handle to it but it will work as a keyboard/mouse assuming there are hardware macros recorded on the keys.

XKE-124 T-bar is supported by P.I. Engineering Macroworks 3.1, X-keys Basic Setup, P.I. Engineering SDK samples for Microsoft C# Express, VB Express, Microsoft C++ 2010 and Eclipse and Linux.

X-keys XKE-124 T-bar Input Report

Figure 1: X-keys XKE-124 T-bar key reference.

Report Length: 37 bytes.

1. General Incoming Data

This data is returned when new data is detected such as button presses, unit id change. This report can be manually stimulated by sending an output report: Generate Data which is very useful for obtaining the initial state of the device immediately after enumeration.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Byte 5
Byte 6
Byte 7
Byte 8
Byte 9
Byte 10
Byte 11
Byte 12
Byte 13
Byte 14
Byte 15
Byte 16
Byte 17
Byte 18
Byte 19
Byte 20
Bytes 21-28
Byte 30
Byte 31-32
Bytes 33-36
Byte 37
Constant Unit ID Data Type Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys NumLck, CapsLck, ScrLck Reserved Calibrated T-bar Uncalibrated T-bar Reserved # of times rebooted
0
<data>
DT
DI
DI
DI
DI
DI
DI
DI
DI
DI
DI
DI
DI
DI
DI
DI
DI
DS
value
TC
TU
value
Reboot

DT: Data Type value of 0 or 2 indicates the following data is a General Incoming Data report, 2 if generated by the output report: Generate Data. Data Type value of 214 indicates a Descriptor Data Report, see below. Data Type value of 224 indicates a Custom Data Report, see below.
DI: For all bits 0 if key is up, 1 if key is down. Bits 1 to 8 correspond to the keys from top to bottom respectively of each column. For example a value of 3 in Byte 4 indicates that keys 0 and 1 are pressed. Note keys 108-111 are unavailable on the XKE-124 T-bar.
DS: Bit 1=NumLock, bit 2=CapsLock, bit 3=ScrLock, bit 4=On Boot (sets the bit when device is booted up by the usb then sets it back to 0) .
TC: Calibrated T-bar data. 0 for ful down, 255 for full up.
TU: Uncalibrated T-bar data. 2 bytes, byte 31 is the high byte and byte 32 is the low byte.

2. Descriptor Data

This data is returned after an output report: Request for Descriptor is sent. This report is available only in PID #1 and PID #4.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Byte 5
Byte 6
Byte 7
Byte 8
Byte 9
Byte 10
Byte 11
Byte 12
Byte 13
Byte 14
Byte 15
Byte 16
Byte 17
Bytes 18-37
Constant Unit ID Data Type Mode Key mapstart Layer2 Offset Constant Constant Max Columns Max Rows LED State Version PID Low PID Hi Keymapstart Hi Max Macro Address Lo Max Macro Address Hi Reserved
0
<data>
214
Mode
32
208
255
255
16
8
LEDs
<data>
PIDL
PIDH
0
MMAL
MMAH
value

Mode: 0 means device is in PID #1, 1 = PID #2, 2 = PID #3, 3 = PID #4.
LEDs: This byte tells the current state of the indicator LEDs. Bit 7 set means Green LED is on, bit 8 set means Red LED is on.
PIDL: LSB of the Product Identification number or PID.
PIDH: MSB of the Product Identification number or PID.
MMAL: LSB of the maximum macro address, for internal use only.
MMAH: MSB of the maximum macro address, for internal use only.

3. Custom Data

This data is returned after an output report: Generate Custom Data is sent. This report is available only in PID #1 and PID #4.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Byte 5
Byte 6
Byte 7
Bytes Count+5 to 36
Byte 37
Constant Unit ID Data Type Count of custom bytes to follow Custom byte 1 Custom byte 2 Custom byte 3... Reserved Increment
0
<data>
224
Count
B1
B2
B3...
value
Increment

Count: Number of custom bytes to follow.
B1: 1st custom byte.
B2: 2nd custom byte.
B3: 3rd custom byte and so on for as many bytes as specified in Count.
Increment: This byte is incremented each time a Custom Data report is sent thus even if 2 identical reports are sent they will both come in even if SuppressDuplicate reports is on.

4. Check Dongle Key

This is received immediately following a Check Dongle Key output report is sent. The four values R0-R3 are required to continue the check. See Dongle Implementation for further details.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Byte 5
Byte 6
Byte 7
Bytes 8 to 36
Constant Unit ID Data Type 1st byte returned from hash 2nd byte returned from hash 3rd byte returned from hash 4th byte returned from hash Reserved
0
<data>
193
R0
R1
R2
R3
value

R0: Value need for comparison to check for correct dongle key.
R1: Value need for comparison to check for correct dongle key.
R2: Value need for comparison to check for correct dongle key.
R3: Value need for comparison to check for correct dongle key.

X-keys XKE-124 T-bar Output Report

The following types of output reports are shown in the summary below. Please be aware that several of these commands result in writing to the device's eeprom which has a limit to the number of writes allowed before it is "burnt out". The manufacturer's specification is 50,000 eeprom writes. Because of this we recommend the commands designated with e be executed rarely and not within timing loops. Note, the first byte listed in this documentation is 0 and represents the report ID. This is not present on some non-PC operating systems. So when sending an output report on Android for example, eliminate this byte.

Report
Format
Description
1
0, 186, LEDs, 0... Set LEDs
2
0, 179, LEDIndex, State, 0... Index Based Set LED (Flash)
3
0, 189, UnitID, 0... Set Unit IDe
4
0, 214, 0... Request Descriptor
5
0, 177, 0... Generate Data
6
0, 187, Bank 1 Intensity, Bank 2 Intensity, 0... Set Backlight Intensity
7
0, 184, 0... Toggle Backlights
8
0, 182, Bank, OnOff, 0... Turn On/Off Rows of Backlights
9
0, 181, Index, State, 0... Index Based Set Backlights (Flash)
10
0, 180, Freq, 0... Set Frequency of Flash
11
0, 173, Bank, IncDec, Wrap, 0... Incremental Change of Backlight Intensity
12
0, 199, Save, 0... Save Backlight State to EEPROMe
13
0, 204, Mode, 0... Change PIDe
14
0, 201, Modifier, 0, HC1, HC2, HC3, HC4, HC5, HC6, 0... Keyboard Reflector (PID #2 and #4 only)
15
0, 203, Buttons, Mouse X, Mouse Y, Wheel X, Wheel Y, 0... Mouse Reflector
16
0, 202, Joystick X, Joystick Y, Joystick Z rot., Joystick Z, Joystick Slider, Game Buttons 1, Game Buttons 2, Game Buttons 3, Game Buttons 4, 0, Point of View Hat, 0... Joystick Reflector (PID #1 and #3 only)
17
0, 225, Usage ID LSB, Usage ID MSB, 0... Multimedia Reflector (PID #2 and #3 only)
18
0, 195, Version LSB, Version MSB, 0... Set Version Numbere
19
0, 238, 0... Reboot Device
20
0, 192, K0, K1, K2, K3, 0... Set Dongle Keye
21
0, 193, N0, N1, N2, N3, 0... Check Dongle Key
22
0, 172, 1... Start Calibration*
23
0, 172, 0... Stop Calibratione*

eCommand writes to EEPROM, do not perform this command excessively, do not exceed 50,000 writes to EEPROM.
*Calibration is done at the factory, there is no need to do this normally.

Endpoint: 4, Vendor Defined Usage Page.

Report Length: 36 bytes.

1. Set LEDs

One of two methods for controlling the LEDs.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Bytes 4-36
Constant Command LED Control Constant
0
186
LEDs
0

LEDs: Bits 1-6=0, bit 7=1 to turn on Green LED or 0 to turn off Green LED, bit 8=1 to turn on Red LED or 0 to turn off Red LED.

2. Index Based Set LED (Flash)

One of two methods for controlling the LEDs. If flashing of LEDs is desired this method must be used.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Bytes 5-36
Constant Command LED Index LED State Constant
0
179
LEDIndex
LEDState
0

LEDIndex: 6 = green, 7 = red.
LEDState: 0 = off, 1 = on and 2=flash. Set the frequency of the flash with output report Set Frequency of Flash.

3. Set Unit ID

Send this output report to set the Unit ID of the device. This is useful if connecting more than one of the same device to the a computer.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Bytes 4-36
Constant Command Unit ID (0-255) Constant
0
189
value
0

4. Request Descriptor

After sending this output report a Descriptor input report will be generated.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Bytes 3-36
Constant Command Constant
0
214
0

5. Generate Data

After sending this output report a General Incoming Data input report will be generated with bit 2 of PS set (see General Incoming Data). This is useful in determining the initial state of the device before any data has changed.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Bytes 3-36
Constant Command Constant
0
177
0

6. Set Backlight Intensity

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Bytes 5-36
Constant Command Bank 1 Intensity Bank 2 Intensity Constant
0
187
Intensity
Intensity
0

Intensity: 0-255 where 0 is no intensity for that color or off, and 255 is the brightest. Usabe range is actually much narrower.

7. Toggle Backlights

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Bytes 3-36
Constant Command Constant
0
184
0

8. Turn On/Off Rows of Backlights

Send this output report to either turn on or off rows of the backlights.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Bytes 5-36
Constant Command Bank # State Constant
0
182
Bank
OnOff
0

Bank: 0 = bank 1, 1 = bank 2.
OnOff: For all bits 0 for no backlighting, 1 for backlighting. Bit 0 = 1st row, bit 1=2nd row, bit 2=3rd row, bit 3=4th row, bit 4=5th row, bit 5=6th row. Note the intensities are not affected by this command.

9. Index Based Set Backlights (Flash)

Control of individual backlights.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Bytes 5-36
Constant Command Key Index State Constant
0
181
Index
State
0

Index: For bank 1 equals the index given in Figure 1. For bank 2 add 128 to the index given in Figure 1. For example to control the lower left key bank 1 index=7, the corresponding bank 2 is index=135.
State: 0 = off, 1 = on and 2 = flash. Set the frequency of the flash with output report Set Frequency of Flash.

10. Set Frequency of Flash

Use this output report to control the frequency of the flashing of both the indicator LEDs and the backlights, same frequency is used for both.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Bytes 4-36
Constant Command Frequency Constant
0
180
Freq
0

Freq: 1-255 where 1 is the fastest flash and 255 is the slowest. 255 is approximately 4 seconds between flashes.

11. Incremental Change of Backlight Intensity

Send this output report consecutively to step through 10 levels of intensity of the backlights.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Byte 5
Bytes 6-36
Constant Command Bank # Increment/Decrement Wrap/No Wrap Constant
0
173
Bank
IncDec
Wrap
0

Bank: 0 = bank 1, 1 = bank 2.
IncDec: 0=decrease, the intensity will decrease each time this command is sent and either wrap around to the brightest setting or stay off depending on Wrap or 1=increase, the intensity with increase each time this command is sent and either wrap around to off or stay at the brightest setting depending on Wrap.
Wrap: 0=wrap, when the highest (or lowest depending on IncDec) intensity setting it reached the next command will wrap around to the lowest (or highest depending on IncDec), 1=No wrap, when the highest (or lowest) intensity setting is reached consecutive commands will do nothing.

12. Save Backlight State to EEPROM

Send this output report to change the default backlighting on startup of device to the current backlight state, ie, what ever backlights are on or off at the time this report is sent will be the new default.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Bytes 4-36
Constant Command Save Constant
0
199
Save
0

Save: Any value other than 0 will save the current backlight state to the EEPROM so when the device is replugged it will display this save backlighting. Note because there is a limited number of times the EEProm can be written to, it is not a good idea to do this often.

13. Change PID

Send this output report to change between the two PIDs. This needs to be done only if the user wishes to have the joystick endpoint.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Bytes 4-36
Constant Command Mode Constant
0
204
Mode
0

Mode: 0 for PID #1, 1 for PID #2, 2 for PID #3 and 3 for PID #4.
PID #1 Endpoints: Consumer Usge Page Input and Output (Hid Usage Page 12, Hid Usage 1), Mouse (Hid Usage Page 1, Hid Usage 2), Joystick (Hid Usage Page 1, Hid Usage 4).
PID #2 Endpoints: Consumer Usge Page Output (Hid Usage Page 12, Hid Usage 1), Mouse (Hid Usage Page 1, Hid Usage 2), Keyboard (Hid Usage Page 1, Hid Usage 6) and Multimedia (Hid Usage Page 12 and 1, Hid Usage 1 and 128). The use of this PID is mainly for Hardware Mode. Hardware Mode allows users to store macros to the device itself using the MacroWorks 3.1 programming utility or the X-keys Android app. Once the macros are stored they will work on any computer or OS that supports HID.
PID #3 Endpoints: Consumer Usge Page Output (Hid Usage Page 12, Hid Usage 1), Mouse (Hid Usage Page 1, Hid Usage 2), Joystick (Hid Usage Page 1, Hid Usage 4) and Multimedia (Hid Usage Page 12 and 1, Hid Usage 1 and 128). The use of this PID is mainly for Hardware Mode. Hardware Mode allows users to store macros to the device itself using the MacroWorks 3.1 programming utility or the X-keys Android app. Once the macros are stored they will work on any computer or OS that supports HID.
PID #4 Endpoints: Consumer Usge Page Input and Output (Hid Usage Page 12, Hid Usage 1), Boot Mouse (Hid Usage Page 1, Hid Usage 2), Boot Keyboard (Hid Usage Page 1, Hid Usage 6).

14. Keyboard Reflector

Sends native keyboard messages.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Byte 5
Byte 6
Byte 7
Byte 8
Byte 9
Byte 10
Bytes 11-36
Constant Command Modifier Constant Hid Code 1 Hid Code 2 Hid Code 3 Hid Code 4 Hid Code 5 Hid Code 6 Constant
0
201
Modifier
0
HC1
HC2
HC3
HC4
HC5
HC6
0

Modifier: Bit 1=Left Ctrl, bit 2=Left Shift, bit 3=Left Alt, bit 4=Left Gui, bit 5=Right Ctrl, bit 6=Right Shift, bit 7=Right Alt, bit 8=Right Gui.
HC1=Hid Code for 1st key down, or 0 to release previous key press in this byte position.
HC2=Hid Code for 2nd key down, or 0 to release previous key press in this byte position.
HC3=Hid Code for 3rd key down, or 0 to release previous key press in this byte position.
HC4=Hid Code for 4th key down, or 0 to release previous key press in this byte position.
HC5=Hid Code for 5th key down, or 0 to release previous key press in this byte position.
HC6=Hid Code for 6th key down, or 0 to release previous key press in this byte position.

15. Mouse Reflector

Sends native mouse messages.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Byte 5
Byte 6
Byte 7
Bytes 8-36
Constant Command Buttons Mouse X Mouse Y Constant Wheel Y Constant
0
203
Buttons
X
Y
0
WY
0

Buttons: Bit 1=Left, bit 2=Right, bit 3=Center, bit 4=XButton1, bit 5=XButton2.
X=Mouse X motion. 128=0 no motion, 1-127 is right, 255-129=left, finest inc (1 and 255) to coarsest (127 and 129).
Y=Mouse Y motion. 128=0 no motion, 1-127 is down, 255-129=up, finest inc (1 and 255) to coarsest (127 and 129).
WY=Wheel Y. 128=0 no motion, 1-127 is up, 255-129=down, finest inc (1 and 255) to coarsest (127 and 129).

Example 1: Move mouse 1 mickey, the finest increment.
x+: 0, 203, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0
x-: 0, 203, 0, 255, 0, 0, 0
y+: 0, 203, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0
y-: 0, 203, 0, 0, 255, 0, 0

Example 2: Wheel Y with increment of 5.
+ motion: 0, 203, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5
- motion: 0, 203, 0, 0, 0, 0, 250 where 250=255-5

Example 3: Left button click.
left button down: 0, 203, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0
left button up: 0, 203, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0

Example 4: Left button down and drag
with mouse at starting position: 0, 203, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0
move mouse with button down: 0, 203, 1, 30, 30, 0, 0
release button: 0, 203, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0

16. Joystick Reflector

Sends native joystick messages. Must have the device set to a PID with a joystick endpoint; PID #1 or PID #3.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Byte 5
Byte 6
Byte 7
Byte 8
Byte 9
Byte 10
Byte 11
Byte 12
Byte 13
Bytes 14-36
Constant Command Joystick X Joystick Y Joystick Z rot. Joystick Z Joystick Slider Game Buttons Game Buttons Game Buttons Game Buttons Constant Point of View Hat Constant
0
202
X
Y
Z rot.
Z
Slider
GB1
GB2
GB3
GB4
0
Hat
0

X: Joystick X, 0-127 is from center to full right, 255-128 is from center to full left.
Y: Joystick Y, 0-127 is from center to bottom, 255-128 is from center to top.
Z rot.: Joystick Z rot., 0-127 is from center to bottom, 255-128 is from center to top.
Z.: Joystick Z, 0-127 is from center to bottom, 255-128 is from center to top.
Slider: Joystick Slider, 0-127 is from center to bottom, 255-128 is from center to top.
GB1: Game buttons 1-8, bit 1= game button 1, bit 2=game button 2, etc.
GB2: Game buttons 9-16, bit 1= game button 9, bit 2=game button 10, etc.
GB3: Game buttons 17-24, bit 1= game button 17, bit 2=game button 18, etc.
GB4: Game buttons 25-32, bit 1= game button 25, bit 2=game button 26, etc.
Hat: 0 to 7 clockwise, 8 is no hat.

17. Multimedia Reflector

Sends 2 byte multimedia messages. Must have the device set to a PID with a multimedia endpoint; PID #2 or PID #3. When in this PID there is no input data report available thus users of this feature will not be able to read any data, only write output reports. If desiring this feature users are instructed to use MacroWorks 3.1 programming utility for programming of the buttons and converting to a multimedia PID. This command must be followed with an "up" command with ULo and UHi =0.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Bytes 8-36
Constant Command Usage ID Lo Usage ID Hi Constant
0
225
ULo
UHi
0

ULo=Usage ID low byte see hut1_12.pdf, pages 75-85 Consumer Page.
UHi=Usage ID high byte see hut1_12.pdf, pages 75-85 Consumer Page.

Example: My Computer - 0, 225, 94, 01, 0... and send report using WriteData. Then 0, 225, 0, 0, 0... and send report using WriteData. In this example 0194 is the Usage ID for My Computer.

18. Set Version Number

Send this output report to set the Version of the device. This is not the firmware version given in the descriptor but a 2 byte number available on enumeration. The value is "remembered" so if it is changed, using this report, the device must be rebooted. The device can be rebooted by replugging it or by sending the output report : Reboot Device. The device is also rebooted when changing pids using output report: Change PID.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Bytes 5-36
Constant Command Version LB (0-255) Version HB (0-255) Constant
0
195
value
value
0

19. Reboot Device

Send this output report to reboot the device without having to unplug it. After sending this report the device must be re-enumerated.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Bytes 3-36
Constant Command Constant
0
238
0

20. Set Dongle Key, available only on firmware version 27 or higher

Sets the user entered key. Remember these numbers as they are required to check for the key. This is intented to be done once by the developer prior to sale. See Dongle Implemenation for more details.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Byte 5
Byte 6
Bytes 7-36
Constant Command 1st byte of key 2nd byte of key 3rd byte of key 4th byte of key Constant
0
192
K0
K1
K2
K3
0

K0: 1st byte of user determined dongle key, any number 1-254.
K1: 2nd byte of user determined dongle key, any number 1-254.
K2: 3rd byte of user determined dongle key, any number 1-254.
K3: 4th byte of user determined dongle key, any number 1-254.

21. Check Dongle Key, available only on firmware version 27 or higher

Checks the key that was entered in Set Dongle Key. This is intented to be done by the developer within their own software to determine if the connected X-keys device is the one they sold to the customer. 4 random bytes along with the actual key are entered into the DongleCheck2() hash function of the Piehid32.dll/PieHid32Net.dll which returns 4 bytes. Then after sending this output report a Check Dongle Key input report will be received containing the same 4 bytes returned from the hash if the key matches. See Dongle Implemenation for more details.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Byte 5
Byte 6
Bytes 7-36
Constant Command Random number Random number Random number Random number Constant
0
193
N0
N1
N2
N3
0

K0: 1st byte of a random number that was used in the hash, any number 1-254.
K1: 2nd byte of a random number that was used in the hash, any number 1-254.
K2: 3rd byte of a random number that was used in the hash, any number 1-254.
K3: 4th byte of a random number that was used in the hash, any number 1-254.

22. Start Calibration

After sending this output report move the T-bar lever up and down to its full extents and then send a Stop Calibration output report.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Bytes 3-36
Constant Command Constant
0
172
1

23. Stop Calibration

After sending a Start Calibration output report and moving the T-bar back and forth send this report to stop and save the calibration.

Byte 1*
Byte 2
Bytes 3-36
Constant Command Constant
0
172
0

 

*This first byte may be omitted on some non-PC operating systems. On these systems the read and write lengths will be 1 byte smaller.

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