# -*- test-case-name: twisted.test.test_app -*-
# Copyright (c) 2001-2004 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.


"""This module is DEPRECATED.


Maintainer: U{Itamar Shtull-Trauring<mailto:twisted@itamarst.org>}
"""


# System Imports
import os
import string
import socket
import types
import warnings
from zope.interface import implements

try:
    import cPickle as pickle
except ImportError:
    import pickle

try:
    import cStringIO as StringIO
except ImportError:
    import StringIO

# Twisted Imports
from twisted.internet import interfaces
from twisted.python import log, components
from twisted.persisted import styles
from twisted.python.runtime import platform
from twisted.cred.authorizer import DefaultAuthorizer
from twisted.python.reflect import Accessor
from twisted.python.util import OrderedDict

from twisted.python import context

# Sibling Imports
import defer, error

def encrypt(passphrase, data):
    from hashlib import md5
    from Crypto.Cipher import AES as cipher
    if len(data) % cipher.block_size:
        data = data + (' ' * (cipher.block_size - len(data) % cipher.block_size))
    return cipher.new(md5(passphrase).digest()[:16]).encrypt(data)


def quieterWarning():
    import warnings
    # if you're using app.run(), just switch to using reactor,
    # otherwise switch to twisted.application (see application
    # howto for details).
    warnings.warn("twisted.internet.app is deprecated, use twisted.application or the reactor instead.", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=4)
    global quieterWarning
    quieterWarning = lambda: None

class _AbstractServiceCollection:
    implements(interfaces.IServiceCollection)

    def __init__(self):
        """Create an abstract service collection.
        """
        quieterWarning()
        self.services = {}

    def getServiceNamed(self, serviceName):
        """Retrieve the named service from this application.

        Raise a KeyError if there is no such service name.
        """
        return self.services[serviceName]

    def addService(self, service):
        """Add a service to this collection.
        """
        if self.services.has_key(service.serviceName):
            self.removeService(service)
        self.services[service.serviceName] = service

    def removeService(self, service):
        """Remove a service from this collection."""
        del self.services[service.serviceName]


class ApplicationService(Accessor, styles.Versioned):
    """I am a service you can add to an application.

    I represent some chunk of functionality which may be bound to many or no
    event sources.  By adding an ApplicationService to an L{Application}, it
    will be notified when the Application starts and stops (or removes/shuts
    down the service).  See the L{startService} and L{stopService} calls.

    Since services may want to incorporate certain other elements,
    notably Perspective Broker (remote invocation) accessibility
    and authentication, derivatives of ApplicationService exist
    in L{twisted.cred.service<twisted.cred.service.Service>} and
    L{twisted.spread.pb<twisted.spread.pb.Service>}.  These may be more
    suitable for your service than directly subclassing ApplicationService.
    """

    serviceType = None
    serviceName = None
    serviceParent = None
    serviceRunning = 0
    persistenceVersion = 1

    def __init__(self, serviceName, serviceParent=None, application=None):
        """Create me, attached to the given application.

        Arguments: application, a twisted.internet.app.Application instance.
        """
        quieterWarning()
        if not isinstance(serviceName, types.StringTypes):
            raise TypeError("%s is not a string." % serviceName)
        self.serviceName = serviceName
        if application:
            warnings.warn("Application keyword argument to Service.__init__ is deprecated; use serviceParent instead.",
                          category=DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
            if serviceParent:
                raise ValueError("Backwards compatible constructor failed to make sense.")
            serviceParent = application
        self.setServiceParent(serviceParent)


    def upgradeToVersion1(self):
        self.serviceParent = self.application
        del self.application

    def setServiceParent(self, serviceParent):
        """Set my parent, which must be a service collection of some kind.
        """
        if serviceParent is None:
            return
        if self.serviceParent and self.serviceParent is not serviceParent:
            raise RuntimeError("Service Parent already set to %s, can't set to %s" % (self.serviceParent, serviceParent))
        self.serviceParent = serviceParent
        serviceParent.addService(self)

    def disownServiceParent(self):
        """Have my parent disown me."""
        if self.serviceParent:
            self.serviceParent.removeService(self)
            self.serviceParent = None

    def set_application(self, application):
        warnings.warn("application attribute is deprecated; use serviceParent instead.",
                      category=DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3)
        if application and not isinstance(application, Application):
            raise TypeError( "%s is not an Application" % application)
        self.setServiceParent(application)

    setApplication = set_application

    def get_application(self):
        a = self.serviceParent
        while (not isinstance(a, Application) and a is not None):
            a = a.serviceParent
        return a

    def startService(self):
        """This call is made as a service starts up.
        """
        log.msg("%s (%s) starting" % (self.__class__, self.serviceName))
        self.serviceRunning = 1
        return None

    def stopService(self):
        """This call is made before shutdown.
        """
        log.msg("%s (%s) stopping" % (self.__class__, self.serviceName))
        self.serviceRunning = 0
        return None

class MultiService(_AbstractServiceCollection, ApplicationService):
    """I am a collection of multiple services.

    I am useful if you have a large number of services and need to categorize
    them, or you need to write a protocol that can access multiple services
    through one factory, such as a protocol that maps services to virtual
    hosts, like POP3.
    """

    def __init__(self, serviceName, serviceParent=None):
        _AbstractServiceCollection.__init__(self)
        ApplicationService.__init__(self, serviceName, serviceParent)

    def startService(self):
        """
        Start all of my Services.
        """
        ApplicationService.startService(self)
        for svc in self.services.values():
            svc.startService()

    def stopService(self):
        """
        Stop all of my Services.

        I return a Deferred that results in a dict that looks like
        {serviceObject: (successOrFailure, result)}, where
        successOrFailure is a boolean and result is the result of the
        Deferred returned by serviceObject.stopService.
        """
        ApplicationService.stopService(self)
        v = self.services.values()
        # The default stopService returns None, but you can't make that part
        # of a DeferredList.
        l = [svc.stopService() or defer.succeed(None) for svc in v]
        return defer.DeferredList(l).addBoth(self._cbAttachServiceNames, v)

    def _cbAttachServiceNames(self, result, services):
        """
        I massage the result of a DeferredList into something that's a bit
        easier to work with (see L{stopService}'s __doc__).
        """
        r = {}
        i = 0
        for svc in services:
            r[svc] = result[i]
            i += 1
        return r


    def addService(self, service):
        """
        Add a Service to me.
        """
        _AbstractServiceCollection.addService(self, service)
        if self.serviceRunning:
            service.startService()

    def removeService(self, service):
        """
        Remove a Service from me.
        """
        if service.serviceRunning:
            service.stopService()
        _AbstractServiceCollection.removeService(self, service)

class DependentMultiService(MultiService):
    """
    I am a MultiService that starts services in insert order,
    and stops them in the reverse order.  The service starts
    and stops are chained, so be very careful about services
    that may fail to start or stop.
    """
    def __init__(self, serviceName, serviceParent=None):
        MultiService.__init__(self, serviceName, serviceParent)
        # Ensure order
        self.services = OrderedDict(self.services)

    def _finishStartService(self, res):
        return ApplicationService.startService(self) or defer.succeed(None)
        
    def _rollbackStartedServices(self, failure, service):
        v = self.services.values()
        startedServices = v[:v.index(service)]
        startedServices.reverse()
        # Warning:  On failure, service stops are not
        # chained.  However, they will stop in the proper order.
        for svc in startedServices:
            svc.stopService()
        return failure
        
    def startService(self):
        """
        Start all of my Services.

        I return a Deferred that will callback (with no useful result)
        when all services are started.  In the event of a failure, all 
        of the successful services will be stopped (without chained behavior)
        and I will errback with the first unsuccessful service's failure.
        """
        def startServiceDeferred(res, service):
            return service.startService() or defer.succeed(None)

        d = defer.succeed(None)
        for svc in self.services.values():
            d.addCallbacks(startServiceDeferred, callbackArgs=(svc,),
                errback=self._rollbackStartedServices, errbackArgs=(svc,))
        return d.addCallback(self._finishStartService)

    def _emergencyStopService(self, failure, service):
        v = self.services.values()
        runningServices = v[v.index(service):]
        runningServices.reverse()
        for svc in runningServices:
            svc.stopService()
        # It is probably desirable that the service collection be 
        # marked as stopped, even though errors have occurred.
        self._finishStopService()
        return failure
    
    def _finishStopService(self, res):
        return ApplicationService.stopService(self) or defer.succeed(None)
        
    def stopService(self):
        """
        Stop all of my Services.

        I return a Deferred that will callback (with no useful result)
        when all services are stopped.  In the event of a failure, the 
        running services will be stopped (without chained behavior) and 
        I will errback with the first unsuccessful service's failure.
        """
        def stopServiceDeferred(res, service):
            return service.stopService() or defer.succeed(None)

        v = self.services.values()
        v.reverse()
        d = defer.succeed(None)
        for svc in v:
            d.addCallbacks(stopServiceDeferred, callbackArgs=(svc,),
                errback=self._emergencyStopService, errbackArgs=(svc,))
        return d.addCallback(self._finishStopService)


class Application(log.Logger, styles.Versioned,
                  Accessor, _AbstractServiceCollection):
    """I am the `root object' in a Twisted process.

    I represent a set of persistent, potentially interconnected listening TCP
    ports, delayed event schedulers, and service.Services.
    """

    running = 0
    processName = None

    #
    # XXX
    #
    # The profusion of xyzPorts, xyzListeners, _listenerDict, and
    # _extraListeners has long since passed the point of excess.
    # Someone who feels like taking the time should merge all of these
    # into a set of "universal" trackers.  One for ports, one for listeners,
    # one for things that are -actually- listening and connecting.
    # This requires another version bump and an upgrade function, of course.
    #


    def __init__(self, name, uid=None, gid=None, authorizer=None, authorizer_=None):
        """Initialize me.

        If uid and gid arguments are not provided, this application will
        default to having the uid and gid of the user and group who created it.

        @param name: a name

        @param uid: (optional) a POSIX user-id.  Only used on POSIX systems.

        @param gid: (optional) a POSIX group-id.  Only used on POSIX systems.
        """
        _AbstractServiceCollection.__init__(self)
        self.name = name
        # a list of (tcp, ssl, udp) Ports
        self.tcpPorts = []              # check
        self.udpPorts = []
        self.sslPorts = []
        self.unixPorts = []
        self.extraPorts = []
        self._listenerDict = {}
        self._extraListeners = {}
        # a list of (tcp, ssl, udp) Connectors
        self.tcpConnectors = []
        self.udpConnectors = []
        self.sslConnectors = []
        self.unixConnectors = []
        self.extraConnectors = []
        # a dict of ApplicationServices
        self.services = {}              # check
        # a cred authorizer
        a = authorizer or authorizer_
        if a:
            self._authorizer = a
            self._authorizer.setServiceCollection(self)
        if platform.getType() == "posix":
            if uid is None:
                uid = os.getuid()
            self.uid = uid
            if gid is None:
                gid = os.getgid()
            self.gid = gid

    persistenceVersion = 12

    _authorizer = None

    def get_authorizer(self):
        warnings.warn("Application.authorizer attribute is deprecated, use Service.authorizer instead",
                      category=DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3)
        if not self._authorizer:
            self._authorizer = DefaultAuthorizer()
            self._authorizer.setApplication(self)
        return self._authorizer

    def upgradeToVersion12(self):
        up = []
        for port, factory, backlog in self.unixPorts:
            up.append((port, factory, backlog, 0666))
        self.unixPorts = up

    def upgradeToVersion11(self):
        self._extraListeners = {}
        self.extraPorts = []
        self.extraConnectors = []
        self.unixPorts = []
        self.udpConnectors = []

        toRemove = []
        for t in self.tcpPorts:
            port, factory, backlog, interface = t
            if isinstance(port, types.StringTypes):
                self.unixPorts.append((port, factory, backlog))
                toRemove.append(t)
        for t in toRemove:
            self.tcpPorts.remove(t)

    def upgradeToVersion10(self):
        # persistenceVersion was 10, but this method did not exist
        # I do not know why.
        pass

    def upgradeToVersion9(self):
        self._authorizer = self.authorizer
        del self.authorizer
        self.tcpConnectors = self.connectors
        del self.connectors
        self.sslConnectors = []
        self.unixConnectors = []


    def upgradeToVersion8(self):
        self.persistStyle = "pickle"
        if hasattr(self, 'asXML'):
            if self.asXML:
                self.persistStyle = "xml"
            del self.asXML

    def upgradeToVersion7(self):
        self.tcpPorts = []
        self.udpPorts = []
        self.sslPorts = []
        from twisted.internet import tcp, udp
        for port in self.ports:
            if isinstance(port, tcp.Port):
                self.tcpPorts.append(
                    (port.port, port.factory,
                     port.backlog, port.interface))
            elif isinstance(port, udp.Port):
                self.udpPorts.append(
                    port.port, port.factory,
                    port.interface, port.maxPacketSize)
            else:
                log.msg('upgrade of %s not implemented, sorry' % port.__class__)
        del self.ports

    def upgradeToVersion6(self):
        del self.resolver

    def upgradeToVersion5(self):
        if hasattr(self, "entities"):
            del self.entities

    def upgradeToVersion4(self):
        """Version 4 Persistence Upgrade
        """

    def upgradeToVersion3(self):
        """Version 3 Persistence Upgrade
        """
        #roots.Locked.__init__(self)
        #self._addEntitiesAndLock()
        pass

    def upgradeToVersion2(self):
        """Version 2 Persistence Upgrade
        """
        self.resolver = None # will be deleted in upgrade to v6
    
    def upgradeToVersion1(self):
        """Version 1 Persistence Upgrade
        """
        log.msg("Upgrading %s Application." % repr(self.name))
        self.authorizer = DefaultAuthorizer()
        self.services = {}

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<%s app>" % repr(self.name)

    def __getstate__(self):
        dict = styles.Versioned.__getstate__(self)
        if dict.has_key("running"):
            del dict['running']
        if dict.has_key("_boundPorts"):
            del dict['_boundPorts']
        if dict.has_key("_listenerDict"):
            del dict['_listenerDict']
        if dict.has_key("_extraListeners"):
            del dict["_extraListeners"]
        return dict

    def listenWith(self, portType, *args, **kw):
        """
        Start an instance of the given C{portType} listening.

        @type portType: type which implements C{IListeningPort}
        """
        self.extraPorts.append((portType, args, kw))
        if self.running:
            from twisted.internet import reactor
            p = reactor.listenWith(portType, *args, **kw)
            self._extraListeners[(portType, args, kw)] = p
            return p

    def unlistenWith(self, portType, *args, **kw):
        """
        Stop a Port listening with the given parameters.
        """
        toRemove = []
        for t in self.extraPorts:
            _portType, _args, _kw = t
            if portType == _portType:
                if args == _args[:len(args)]:
                    for (k, v) in kw.items():
                        if _kw.has_key(k) and _kw[k] != v:
                            break
                    else:
                        toRemove.append(t)
        if toRemove:
            for t in toRemove:
                self.extraPorts.remove(t)
                if self._extraListeners.has_key(t):
                    self._extraListeners[t].stopListening()
                    del self._extraListeners[t]
        else:
            raise error.NotListeningError, (portType, args, kw)

    def listenTCP(self, port, factory, backlog=50, interface=''):
        """
        Connects a given protocol factory to the given numeric TCP/IP port.
        """
        self.tcpPorts.append((port, factory, backlog, interface))
        if self.running:
            from twisted.internet import reactor
            return reactor.listenTCP(port, factory, backlog, interface)

    def unlistenTCP(self, port, interface=''):
        """
        Stop a Port listening on the given port and interface.
        """
        toRemove = []
        for t in self.tcpPorts:
            port_, factory_, backlog_, interface_ = t
            if port == port_ and interface == interface_:
                toRemove.append(t)
        if toRemove:
            for t in toRemove:
                self.tcpPorts.remove(t)
            if self._listenerDict.has_key((port, interface)):
                self._listenerDict[(port, interface)].stopListening()
        else:
            raise error.NotListeningError, (interface, port)

    def listenUNIX(self, filename, factory, backlog=50, mode=0666):
        """
        Connects a given protocol factory to the UNIX socket with the given filename.
        """
        self.unixPorts.append((filename, factory, backlog, mode))
        if self.running:
            from twisted.internet import reactor
            return reactor.listenUNIX(filename, factory, backlog, mode)

    def unlistenUNIX(self, filename):
        """
        Stop a Port listening on the given filename.
        """
        toRemove = []
        for t in self.unixPorts:
            filename_, factory_, backlog_, mode_ = t
            if filename == filename_:
                toRemove.append(t)
        if toRemove:
            for t in toRemove:
                self.unixPorts.remove(t)
            if self._listenerDict.has_key(filename):
                self._listenerDict[filename].stopListening()
        else:
            raise error.NotListeningError, filename

    def listenUDP(self, port, proto, interface='', maxPacketSize=8192):
        """
        Connects a given DatagramProtocol to the given numeric UDP port.
        """
        self.udpPorts.append((port, proto, interface, maxPacketSize))
        if self.running:
            from twisted.internet import reactor
            return reactor.listenUDP(port, proto, interface, maxPacketSize)

    def unlistenUDP(self, port, interface=''):
        """
        Stop a DatagramProtocol listening on the given local port and
        interface.
        """
        toRemove = []
        for t in self.udpPorts:
            port_, factory_, interface_, size_ = t
            if port_ == port and interface_ == interface:
                toRemove.append(t)
        if toRemove:
            for t in toRemove:
                self.udpPorts.remove(t)
        else:
            raise error.NotListeningError, (interface, port)

    def listenSSL(self, port, factory, ctxFactory, backlog=50, interface=''):
        """
        Connects a given protocol factory to the given numeric TCP/IP port.
        The connection is a SSL one, using contexts created by the context
        factory.
        """
        self.sslPorts.append((port, factory, ctxFactory, backlog, interface))
        if self.running:
            from twisted.internet import reactor
            return reactor.listenSSL(port, factory, ctxFactory, backlog, interface)

    def unlistenSSL(self, port, interface=''):
        """
        Stop an SSL Port listening on the given interface and port.
        """
        toRemove = []
        for t in self.sslPorts:
            port_, factory_, ctx_, back_, interface_ = t
            if port_ == port and interface_ == interface:
                toRemove.append(t)
        if toRemove:
            for t in toRemove:
                self.sslPorts.remove(t)
        else:
            raise error.NotListeningError, (interface, port)

    def connectWith(self, connectorType, *args, **kw):
        """
        Start an instance of the given C{connectorType} connecting.

        @type connectorType: type which implements C{IConnector}
        """
        self.extraConnectors.append((connectorType, args, kw))
        if self.running:
            from twisted.internet import reactor
            return reactor.connectWith(connectorType, *args, **kw)

    def connectUDP(self, remotehost, remoteport, protocol, localport=0,
                  interface='', maxPacketSize=8192):
        """Connects a L{ConnectedDatagramProtocol} instance to a UDP port."""
        self.udpConnectors.append((
            remotehost, remoteport, protocol,
            localport, interface, maxPacketSize
        ))
        if self.running:
            from twisted.internet import reactor
            return reactor.connectUDP(
                remotehost, remoteport, protocol,
                localport, interface, maxPacketSize
            )

    def connectTCP(self, host, port, factory, timeout=30, bindAddress=None):
        """Connect a given client protocol factory to a specific TCP server."""
        self.tcpConnectors.append((host, port, factory, timeout, bindAddress))
        if self.running:
            from twisted.internet import reactor
            return reactor.connectTCP(host, port, factory, timeout, bindAddress)

    def connectSSL(self, host, port, factory, ctxFactory, timeout=30, bindAddress=None):
        """Connect a given client protocol factory to a specific SSL server."""
        self.sslConnectors.append((host, port, factory, ctxFactory, timeout, bindAddress))
        if self.running:
            from twisted.internet import reactor
            return reactor.connectSSL(host, port, factory, ctxFactory, timeout, bindAddress)

    def connectUNIX(self, address, factory, timeout=30):
        """Connect a given client protocol factory to a specific UNIX socket."""
        self.unixConnectors.append((address, factory, timeout))
        if self.running:
            from twisted.internet import reactor
            return reactor.connectUNIX(address, factory, timeout)

    def setEUID(self):
        """Retrieve persistent uid/gid pair (if possible) and set the current
        process's euid/egid.
        """
        try:
            os.setegid(self.gid)
            os.seteuid(self.uid)
        except (AttributeError, OSError):
            pass
        else:
            log.msg('set euid/egid %s/%s' % (self.uid, self.gid))

    def setUID(self):
        """Retrieve persistent uid/gid pair (if possible) and set the current process's uid/gid
        """
        try:
            os.setgid(self.gid)
            os.setuid(self.uid)
        except (AttributeError, OSError):
            pass
        else:
            log.msg('set uid/gid %s/%s' % (self.uid, self.gid))



    persistStyle = "pickle"

    def save(self, tag=None, filename=None, passphrase=None):
        """Save a pickle of this application to a file in the current directory.
        """
        if self.persistStyle == "xml":
            from twisted.persisted.marmalade import jellyToXML
            dumpFunc = jellyToXML
            ext = "tax"
        elif self.persistStyle == "aot":
            from twisted.persisted.aot import jellyToSource
            dumpFunc = jellyToSource
            ext = "tas"
        else:
            def dumpFunc(obj, file, _dump=pickle.dump):
                _dump(obj, file, 1)
            ext = "tap"
        if filename:
            finalname = filename
            filename = finalname + "-2"
        else:
            if passphrase:
                ext = 'e' + ext
            if tag:
                filename = "%s-%s-2.%s" % (self.name, tag, ext)
                finalname = "%s-%s.%s" % (self.name, tag, ext)
            else:
                filename = "%s-2.%s" % (self.name, ext)
                finalname = "%s.%s" % (self.name, ext)
        log.msg("Saving "+self.name+" application to "+finalname+"...")

        if passphrase is None:
            f = open(filename, 'wb')
            dumpFunc(self, f)
            f.flush()
            f.close()
        else:
            f = StringIO.StringIO()
            dumpFunc(self, f)
            s = encrypt(passphrase, f.getvalue())
            f = open(filename, 'wb')
            f.write(s)
            f.flush()
            f.close()

        if platform.getType() == "win32":
            if os.path.isfile(finalname):
                os.remove(finalname)
        os.rename(filename, finalname)
        log.msg("Saved.")

    def logPrefix(self):
        """A log prefix which describes me.
        """
        return "*%s*" % self.name

    def _beforeShutDown(self):
        l = []
        services = self.services.values()
        for service in services:
            try:
                d = service.stopService()
                if isinstance(d, defer.Deferred):
                    l.append(d)
            except:
                log.deferr()
        if l:
            return defer.DeferredList(l)


    def _afterShutDown(self):
        if self._save:
            self.save("shutdown")

    _boundPorts = 0

    def bindPorts(self):
        log.callWithLogger(self, self._doBindPorts)

    def _doBindPorts(self):
        from twisted.internet import reactor
        self._listenerDict= {}
        self._boundPorts = 1
        if not self.running:
            for filename, factory, backlog, mode in self.unixPorts:
                try:
                    self._listenerDict[filename] = reactor.listenUNIX(filename, factory, backlog, mode)
                except error.CannotListenError, msg:
                    log.msg('error on UNIX socket %s: %s' % (filename, msg))
                    return
            for port, factory, backlog, interface in self.tcpPorts:
                try:
                    self._listenerDict[port, interface] = reactor.listenTCP(port, factory, backlog, interface)
                except error.CannotListenError, msg:
                    log.msg('error on TCP port %s: %s' % (port, msg))
                    return
            for port, factory, interface, maxPacketSize in self.udpPorts:
                try:
                    reactor.listenUDP(port, factory, interface, maxPacketSize)
                except error.CannotListenError, msg:
                    log.msg('error on UDP port %s: %s' % (port, msg))
                    return
            for port, factory, ctxFactory, backlog, interface in self.sslPorts:
                try:
                    reactor.listenSSL(port, factory, ctxFactory, backlog, interface)
                except error.CannotListenError, msg:
                    log.msg('error on SSL port %s: %s' % (port, msg))
                    return
            for portType, args, kw in self.extraPorts:
                # The tuple(kw.items()) is because we can't use a dictionary
                # or a list in a dictionary key.
                self._extraListeners[(portType, args, tuple(kw.items()))] = (
                    reactor.listenWith(portType, *args, **kw))

            for host, port, factory, ctxFactory, timeout, bindAddress in self.sslConnectors:
                reactor.connectSSL(host, port, factory, ctxFactory, timeout, bindAddress)
            for host, port, factory, timeout, bindAddress in self.tcpConnectors:
                reactor.connectTCP(host, port, factory, timeout, bindAddress)
            for rhost, rport, protocol, lport, interface, size in self.udpConnectors:
                reactor.connectUDP(rhost, rport, protocol, lport, interface, size)
            for address, factory, timeout in self.unixConnectors:
                reactor.connectUNIX(address, factory, timeout)
            for connectorType, args, kw in self.extraConnectors:
                reactor.connectWith(connectorType, *args, **kw)

            for service in self.services.values():
                service.startService()
            self.running = 1

    def run(self, save=1, installSignalHandlers=1):
        """run(save=1, installSignalHandlers=1)
        Run this application, running the main loop if necessary.
        If 'save' is true, then when this Application is shut down, it
        will be persisted to a pickle.
        'installSignalHandlers' is passed through to reactor.run(), the
        function that starts the mainloop.
        """
        from twisted.internet import reactor
        if not self._boundPorts:
            self.bindPorts()
        self._save = save
        reactor.addSystemEventTrigger('before', 'shutdown', self._beforeShutDown)
        reactor.addSystemEventTrigger('after', 'shutdown', self._afterShutDown)
        global theApplication
        theApplication = self
        log.callWithLogger(self, reactor.run, installSignalHandlers=installSignalHandlers)


#
# These are dummy classes for backwards-compatibility!
#

class PortCollection: pass

class ServiceCollection: pass


__all__ = ["ApplicationService", "MultiService", "Application"]
